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广州市所在地
美国Seracare麴菌病/曲霉属质控品Aspergillis
广州健仑生物科技有限公司
广州健仑长期供应各种生物原料，主要代理品牌：美国Seracare、西班牙Certest、美国Fuller等等。
主要产品包括各种标准品、阳性对照品、单克隆抗原抗体。
其中常见的有：弓形虫病、西尼罗河病毒、类风湿因子、疟疾、麻疹、莱姆病、百日咳杆菌、大肠杆菌、鼠伤寒沙门氏菌、李斯特菌等阳性对照品。
美国Seracare麴菌病/曲霉属质控品Aspergillis
我司还提供其它进口或国产试剂盒：登革热、疟疾、流感、A链球菌、合胞病毒、腮病毒、乙脑、寨卡、黄热病、基孔肯雅热、克锥虫病、违禁品滥用、肺炎球菌、军团菌、化妆品检测、食品安全检测等试剂盒以及日本生研细菌分型诊断血清、德国SiFin诊断血清、丹麦SSI诊断血清等产品。
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【Seracare产品介绍】
编号 | 英文名称 | 中文名称 |
JL-FA-01 | Amebiasis (AME) | 阿米巴病 |
JL-FA-02 | Allergens, Rast scores | 过敏原，放射性过敏原吸收实验。指对特定的人群引起免疫反应或者过敏反应的食品中的蛋白质 |
JL-FA-03 | Allergens, Rast scores negative | 过敏原，放射性过敏原吸收实验阴性 |
JL-FA-04 | Anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide Antibody (CCP) Arthritis | 抗环瓜氨酸肽抗体 |
JL-FA-05 | ASCA Saccharomyces Cerevi | 人抗酿酒酵母抗体（ASCA） |
JL-FA-06 | Aspergillis | 麴菌病 |
JL-FA-07 | Beta 2 Glycoprotein | β2糖蛋白 |
JL-FA-08 | Beta 2 Glycoprotein IgM | β2糖蛋白 IGM |
JL-FA-09 | Bordela Pertussis | 百日咳杆菌 |
JL-FA-10 | Bordela Pertussis IgM | 百日咳杆菌 IGM |
JL-FA-11 | C-ANCA | C-抗中性粒细胞胞浆抗体（ANCA) |
JL-FA-12 | Cardiolipin | 心肌磷脂 |
JL-FA-13 | Cardiolipin IgA | 心肌磷脂 IGA |
JL-FA-14 | Cardiolipin IgG | 心肌磷脂 IGG |
JL-FA-15 | Cardiolipin IgM | 心肌磷脂 IGM |
JL-FA-16 | Cerebral Spinal Fluid | 脑脊髓液 |
JL-FA-17 | Chagas | 恰加斯病/南美锥虫 |
JL-FA-18 | Chlamydia | 衣原体 |
JL-FA-19 | Chlamydia IgA | 衣原体IGA |
JL-FA-20 | Chlamydia IgG | 衣原体IGG |
JL-FA-21 | Chlamydia IgM | 衣原体IGM |
JL-FA-22 | Chlamydia Neg | 衣原体阴性 |
JL-FA-23 | Clotting Factor C3 | 凝固因子C3 |
JL-FA-24 | Clotting Factor C4 | 凝固因子C4 |
JL-FA-25 | Coccidiodes | 球孢菌 |
JL-FA-26 | Cytomegalovirus (CMV) Neg | 巨细胞病毒抗体阴性 |
JL-FA-27 | CMV IgG | 巨细胞病毒 IGG阳性 |
JL-FA-28 | CMV IgM VCA | 巨细胞病毒 IGM 阳性 |
JL-FA-29 | C-Reactive Protein (CRP) | C-反应蛋白质 |
JL-FA-30 | Dengue Fever | 登革热 |
JL-FA-31 | Dengue Fever IgM | 登革热 IGM |
JL-FA-32 | DS (Double Stranded) DNA | 双链脱氧核糖核酸 |
JL-FA-33 | EBNA (Epstein-Barr nuclear antigen) IgG | EB病毒核抗原 IGG |
JL-FA-34 | EBNA (Epstein-Barr nuclear antigen) IgM | EB病毒核抗原 IGM |
JL-FA-35 | Epstein Barr Virus (EBV) Negative Plasma | EB病毒阴性血浆 |
JL-FA-36 | Epstein Barr Virus (EBV) EA IgM | EB病毒早期抗原 IGM |
JL-FA-37 | Epstein Barr Virus (EBV) VCA IgM | EB病毒壳蛋白 IGM |
JL-FA-38 | Epstein Barr Virus (EBV) EA IgG | EB病毒早期抗原 IGG |
JL-FA-39 | EMA (Endomysial Antibodies) | 肌内膜 |
JL-FA-40 | Gliadin | 麸蛋白,麦醇溶蛋白,麦胶蛋白 |
JL-FA-41 | Gliadin IgG | 麦醇溶蛋白 IGG |
JL-FA-42 | Gliadin IgA | 麦醇溶蛋白 IGA |
JL-FA-43 | Glomerular Basement Membrane (GBMA) | 肾小球基底膜病 |
JL-FA-44 | Helicobacter pylori IgA | 幽门螺旋杆菌IGA |
JL-FA-45 | Helicobacter pylori IgG | 幽门螺旋杆菌IGG |
JL-FA-46 | Helicobacter pylori IgM | 幽门螺旋杆菌IGM |
JL-FA-47 | Helicobacter pylori Negative | 幽门螺旋杆菌阴性 |
JL-FA-48 | Helicobacter pylori Positive Plasma | 幽门螺旋杆菌阴性血浆 |
JL-FA-49 | Hepatitis A Virus (HAV) Pos. Plasma | 甲型肝炎病毒阳性血浆 |
JL-FA-50 | Hepatitis A Virus (HAV) IgM | 甲型肝炎病毒IGM |
JL-FA-51 | Hepatitis B Core (HBc) IgG | 乙型肝炎病毒核心 IGG |
JL-FA-52 | Hepatitis B Core (HBc) IgM | 乙型肝炎病毒核心 IGM |
JL-FA-53 | Anti Hbe (Antibody to HBV antigen) | 乙肝抗体 |
JL-FA-54 | Hepatitis Delta Virus | 丁型肝炎病毒 |
JL-FA-55 | HBeAg (HBV e antigen) | 乙肝 E抗原 |
JL-FA-56 | anti-HBs (HBV surface antibody) | 乙肝表面抗体 |
JL-FA-57 | Hepatitis B (HBsAg) "Chronic" | 乙型肝炎（乙肝表面抗原）“慢性病 |
JL-FA-58 | HBsAg (HBV surface antigen) Serum | 乙肝表面抗原血清 |
JL-FA-59 | HBsAg (AD) | 乙肝表面抗原（AD） |
JL-FA-60 | HBsAg (AY) | 乙肝表面抗原（AY） |
JL-FA-61 | HBV Positive Plasma | 乙肝阳性血浆 |
JL-FA-62 | HBV DNA Plasma | 乙肝DNA血浆 |
JL-FA-63 | HBV DNA Serum | 乙肝DNA血清 |
JL-FA-64 | HBV DNA type A | A型 乙肝DNA |
JL-FA-65 | HBV DNA type B | B型 乙肝DNA |
JL-FA-66 | HBV DNA type C | C型 乙肝DNA |
JL-FA-67 | HBV DNA type D | D型 乙肝DNA |
JL-FA-68 | HBV DNA type E | E型 乙肝DNA |
JL-FA-69 | HBV DNA type F | F型 乙肝DNA |
JL-FA-70 | HBV Antibody HCV Antibody Plasma CO-INFECTED | 乙肝和丙肝联合感染血浆 |
JL-FA-71 | HCV (Hepatitis C Virus) Antibody | 丙型肝炎抗体 |
JL-FA-72 | HCV Core Antigen Positive | 丙肝核心抗原 阳性 |
JL-FA-73 | HCV RNA PLASMA Genotype 1 | 基因1型丙肝RNA 血浆 |
JL-FA-74 | HCV RNA PLASMA Genotype 2 | 基因2型丙肝RNA 血浆 |
JL-FA-75 | HCV RNA PLASMA Genotype 3 | 基因3型丙肝RNA 血浆 |
JL-FA-76 | HCV RNA PLASMA Genotype 4 | 基因4型丙肝RNA 血浆 |
JL-FA-77 | HCV RNA PLASMA Genotype 5 | 基因5型丙肝RNA 血浆 |
JL-FA-78 | HCV RNA PLASMA Genotype 6 | 基因6型丙肝RNA 血浆 |
JL-FA-79 | HCV Riba single band | 丙肝免疫印迹单波段 |
JL-FA-80 | HCV RIBA Pos. (multiple bands) | 丙肝免疫印迹阳性多波段 |
JL-FA-81 | HCV Negative | 丙肝阴性 |
JL-FA-82 | HCV RNA Pos (quantitative) | 丙肝RNA阳性（定量） |
JL-FA-83 | Hepatitis E | 戊型肝炎 |
JL-FA-84 | Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV)1/2 Positive Plasma | 单纯性疱疹病毒1/2阳性血浆 |
JL-FA-85 | Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) 1 Negative Plasma | 单纯性疱疹病毒1 阴性血浆 |
JL-FA-86 | Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) 1 IgG | 单纯性疱疹病毒1 IGG |
JL-FA-87 | Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV 1) IgM | 单纯性疱疹病毒1 IGM |
JL-FA-88 | Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) 2 IgG | 单纯性疱疹病毒2 IGG |
JL-FA-89 | Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) 2 IgM | 单纯性疱疹病毒2 IGG |
JL-FA-90 | Histone | 组蛋白 |
JL-FA-91 | Human Anti Mouse Ab (HAMA) | 人抗鼠抗体 |
JL-FA-92 | Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) 1 Neg | HIV I 阴性 |
JL-FA-93 | anti Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) 1 Plasma | 抗HIV I 血浆 |
JL-FA-94 | anti Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) 1 Serum | 抗HIV I 血清 |
JL-FA-95 | anti Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) 2 Western Blot Tested | 抗HIV 2 免疫印迹 |
JL-FA-96 | anti Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) 1/2 2 HIV (+) | 抗HIV 1/2 2 HIV阳性 |
JL-FA-97 | Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) Ag | HIV抗原 |
JL-FA-98 | HIV RNA (quantitative) Plasma | HIV RNA 定量血浆 |
JL-FA-99 | HIV RNA (quantitative) Serum | HIV RNA 定量血清 |
JL-FA-100 | HIV1 Subtype A | HIV1 亚型A |
JL-FA-101 | HIV1 Subtype B | HIV1 亚型B |
JL-FA-102 | HIV1 Subtype C | HIV1 亚型C |
JL-FA-103 | HIV1 Subtype D | HIV1 亚型D |
JL-FA-104 | HIV1 Subtype E | HIV1 亚型E |
JL-FA-105 | HIV1 Subtype F | HIV1 亚型F |
JL-FA-106 | HIV1 Subtype G | HIV1 亚型G |
JL-FA-107 | HIV1 Subtype H | HIV1 亚型H |
JL-FA-108 | HIV1 Subtype J | HIV1 亚型J |
JL-FA-109 | HIV1 Subtype K | HIV1 亚型K |
JL-FA-110 | HIV1 Group O | HIV1 亚型O |
JL-FA-111 | Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) 2 Antibody Plasma | HIV 2 抗体血浆 |
JL-FA-112 | Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) 2 Antibody Serum | HIV 2 抗体血清 |
JL-FA-113 | HPV (Human Papiloma Virus) Negative | 人乳状瘤病毒HPV阴性 |
JL-FA-114 | HPV (Human Papiloma Virus) Positive | 人乳状瘤病毒HPV阳性 |
JL-FA-115 | Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) Antibody HCV Antibody Plasma COINFECTED | HIV 抗体 HCV |
JL-FA-116 | Human T-cell Lymphotropic Virus (HTLV) I/II | 人嗜T淋巴细胞病毒(HTLV) I/II |
JL-FA-117 | Human T-cell Lymphotropic Virus (HTLV) I | 人嗜T淋巴细胞病毒(HTLV) I |
JL-FA-118 | Human T-cell Lymphotropic Virus (HTLV) II | 人嗜T淋巴细胞病毒(HTLV) II |
JL-FA-119 | Jo-1 | 多发性肌炎抗原JO-1 |
JL-FA-120 | IgE < 5,000 Ku/L | IgE < 5,000 Ku/L |
JL-FA-121 | Legionella | 军团杆菌属 |
JL-FA-122 | Leptospira | 军团杆菌属 |
JL-FA-123 | Lyme Disease | 莱姆(氏)病:蜱传播的全身性疾病,常在夏季发生 |
JL-FA-124 | Lyme IgG | 莱姆(氏)病 IGG |
JL-FA-125 | Lyme IgM | 莱姆(氏)病 IGM |
JL-FA-126 | Lyme Disease Neg | 莱姆(氏)病 阴性 |
JL-FA-127 | Malaria | 疟疾 |
JL-FA-128 | Mononucleosis (infectious) | 单核细胞增多症（有传染性的） |
JL-FA-129 | Mononucleosis Negative | 单核细胞增多症阴性 |
JL-FA-130 | Measles Negative | 麻疹 阴性 |
JL-FA-131 | Measles IgG | 麻疹 IGG |
JL-FA-132 | Measles IgM | 麻疹 IGM |
JL-FA-133 | Microsomal Anti-thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPO) Positive Plasma Standard Titer (typically 1,000-3,000 IU/mL) | 微粒体抗甲状腺过氧化物酶抗体 |
JL-FA-134 | Microsomal Anti-thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPO) Negative Plasma | 微粒体抗甲状腺过氧化物酶抗体 |
JL-FA-135 | Anti-mitochondrial antibody (AMA) | 抗线粒体抗体 |
JL-FA-136 | Multiple Sclerosis | 多发性硬化症 |
JL-FA-137 | Mumps IgG | 流行性腮腺炎 IGG |
JL-FA-138 | Mumps Ab IgM | 流行性腮腺炎抗体 IGM |
JL-FA-139 | Mumps Antibody Negative Plasma | 流行性腮腺炎抗体阴性血浆 |
JL-FA-140 | Mumps Antibody Negative Serum | 流行性腮腺炎抗体阴性血清 |
JL-FA-141 | Myeloma Plasma | 骨髓瘤血浆 |
JL-FA-142 | Myeloma IgA | 骨髓瘤IGA |
JL-FA-143 | Myeloma IgE | 骨髓瘤IGE |
JL-FA-144 | Myeloma IgG | 骨髓瘤IGG |
JL-FA-145 | Myeloma IgM | 骨髓瘤IGM |
JL-FA-146 | Mycoplasma | 支原体 |
JL-FA-147 | Mycoplasma Negative | 支原体阴性 |
JL-FA-148 | Mycoplasma IgG | 支原体IGG |
JL-FA-149 | Mycoplasma IgM | 支原体IGM |
JL-FA-150 | Mycoplasma PCR | 支原体PCR |
JL-FA-151 | Normal Human Plasma | 正常人血浆 |
JL-FA-152 | Normal Human Serum | 正常人血清 |
JL-FA-153 | Nuclear Antibody Centromere | 核抗体着丝粒 |
JL-FA-154 | Nuclear Antibody, Speckled ANA | 核抗体，斑点抗核抗体 |
JL-FA-155 | Nuclear Antibody, Nucleolar ANA | 核抗体,核仁抗核抗体 |
JL-FA-156 | Nuclear Antibody, Homogeneous ANA | 核抗体，同质抗核抗体 |
JL-FA-157 | Nuclear Antiobody, Speckled. (ANA) Negative | 核抗体，斑点。抗核抗体阴性 |
JL-FA-158 | P-ANCA (associated neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies) | 相关的嗜中性粒细胞胞浆抗体 |
JL-FA-159 | Parietal Cell Antibody (PCA) | 胃)壁细胞抗体 |
JL-FA-160 | Parvo positive plasma | 细小病毒阳性血浆 |
JL-FA-161 | Parvo IgM | 细小病毒 IGM |
JL-FA-162 | Parvo IgG | 细小病毒 IGG |
JL-FA-163 | Parvo Negative Plasma | 细小病毒阴性血浆 |
JL-FA-164 | Parvo DNA positive | 细小病毒 DNA 阳性 |
JL-FA-165 | Phospholipid Positive Plasma | 磷脂阳性血浆 |
JL-FA-166 | Prothrombin | 凝血酶原,凝血因子 |
JL-FA-167 | Rheumatoid Factor (RF) <1000 IU/mL | 类风湿因子<1000 IU/mL |
JL-FA-168 | Rheumatoid Factor (RF) 1001-2000 IU/mL | 类风湿因子1001-2000 IU/mL |
JL-FA-169 | Rheumatoid Factor (RF) 2001-4000 IU/mL | 类风湿因子 2001-4000 IU/mL |
JL-FA-170 | Rheumatoid Factor (RF) 4001-5000 IU/mL | 类风湿因子 4001-5000 IU/mL |
JL-FA-171 | Rheumatoid Factor (RF) >5000 IU/mL | 类风湿因子>5000 IU/mL |
JL-FA-172 | Ribonucleoprotein (RNP) Positive | 核糖核蛋白阳性 |
JL-FA-173 | Rubella Chimeric | 风疹 |
JL-FA-174 | Rubella Negative | 风疹阴性 |
JL-FA-175 | Rubella IgG | 风疹IGG |
JL-FA-176 | Rubella IgM | 风疹IGM |
JL-FA-177 | Rubeola Negative Plasma | 风疹阴性血浆 |
JL-FA-178 | Rubeola IgG | 风疹IGG |
JL-FA-179 | Scleroderma (Scl-70) Pos | 胶原沉着病,硬皮病,硬皮症 阳性 |
JL-FA-180 | Scleroderma (Scl-70) Negative | 硬皮病阴性 |
JL-FA-181 | Sickle Cell Fresh Whole Blood | 镰刀形红细胞新鲜全血 |
JL-FA-182 | Smith (SM) | 抗Smith抗体阳性血清（SLE的特征性抗体） |
JL-FA-183 | SMITH RNP | 抗RNP抗体阳性血清（SLE的特征性抗体） |
JL-FA-184 | Smooth Muscle (ASMA) | 抗平滑肌抗体阳性血清 |
JL-FA-185 | Sjogren syndrome antigen A (SSA) Positive | 舍格伦综合征或干燥综合征抗原A 阳性 |
JL-FA-186 | Sjogren syndrome antigen B (SSB) Positive | 舍格伦综合征抗原B 阳性 |
JL-FA-187 | Sjogren syndrome antigen B (SSB) Negative | 舍格伦综合征抗原B阴性 |
JL-FA-188 | Streptolysin O Ab (ASO) | 链球菌溶血素O抗体 |
JL-FA-189 | Syphilis (RPR - Rapid Plasma Reagin) Positive Plasma | 梅毒（梅毒-快速血浆反应）阳性血浆 |
JL-FA-190 | Syphilis (RPR - Rapid Plasma Reagin) Negative Plasma | 梅毒（梅毒-快速血浆反应）阴性血浆 |
JL-FA-191 | Syphilis/ATA/T. pallidum IgG | 梅毒ATA/T，苍白球IGG |
JL-FA-192 | Syphilis/ATA/T. pallidum IgM | 梅毒ATA/T，苍白球IGM |
JL-FA-193 | Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) Positive | 全身性红斑狼疮阳性 |
JL-FA-194 | Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) Negative | 全身性红斑狼疮阴性 |
JL-FA-195 | TG/TPO Positive (Standard Titer 1,000 - 3000 IU/mL) | 甲状腺球蛋白/甲状腺过氧化物酶阳性 |
JL-FA-196 | TG/TPO Negative | 甲状腺球蛋白/甲状腺过氧化物酶阴性 |
JL-FA-197 | TTG (Tissue Transglutaminase) | 组织转谷氨酰胺酶 |
JL-FA-198 | TTG (Tissue Transglutaminase) IgA | 组织转谷氨酰胺酶 IGA |
JL-FA-199 | ToRCH (Toxo, Rubella, CMV, HSV) Positive | 优生优育（弓形虫，风疹，巨细胞，单胞）阳性 |
JL-FA-200 | ToRCH (Toxo, Rubella, CMV, HSV) Negative | 优生优育（弓形虫，风疹，巨细胞，单胞）阴性 |
JL-FA-201 | Toxoplasmosis (Toxo) | 弓形虫病 |
JL-FA-202 | Toxoplasmosis (Toxo) IgG | 弓形虫病IGG |
JL-FA-203 | Toxoplasmosis (Toxo) IgM | 弓形虫病IGM |
JL-FA-204 | Thyroglobulin (TG) Positive Plasma | 甲状腺球蛋白阳性血浆 |
JL-FA-205 | Thyroglobulin (TG) Negative | 甲状腺球蛋白阴性 |
JL-FA-206 | Varicella-Zoster Virus (VZV) Negative | 水痘-带状疱疹病毒阴性 |
JL-FA-207 | Varicella-Zoster Virus (VZV) IgG | 水痘-带状疱疹病毒IGG |
JL-FA-208 | Varicella-Zoster Virus (VZV) IgM | 水痘-带状疱疹病毒IGM |
JL-FA-209 | West Nile Virus (WNV) | 西尼罗河脑炎病毒 |
JL-FA-210 | West Nile Virus (WNV) IgM | 西尼罗河脑炎病毒IGM |
美国Seracare
老年群体抗原抗体益增多痴呆患者的现象对现行的医疗体系是个巨大的考验。阿尔茨海默病(AD)、帕金森综合症(PD)，以及额颞区痴呆(Frontotemporal dementia)患者的脑部病灶都存有异常的大量不溶蛋白质，会导致神经元的大量丢失。为了减少这些不溶蛋白质造成的长期损伤，凋亡的细胞和聚集的蛋白质必须被有效地降解或清除，这正是被称为小神经胶质细胞(Microglia)这种特殊的吞噬细胞的作用所在。小神经胶质细胞仅存于中央神经系统，属于先天性免疫体系的一部分，它就像大脑的卫生检查员，确保垃圾被及时清除，以免这些垃圾威胁到周边正常细胞。
该研究发现，TREM2 基因能调节小神经胶质细胞的吞噬效率。正常情况下，TREM2嵌入小神经胶质细胞的外膜，膜以外的功能域能识别死亡细胞留下的碎片。然而，TREM2基因的特定突变会干扰蛋白质合成过程中蛋白链的正常折叠，使之在运送到小神经胶质细胞外膜之前就被降解了，导致小神经胶质细胞处理细胞碎片的效率降低，继而那些有毒的不溶蛋白质以及凋亡的细胞在大脑聚集，并触发炎症反应，导致神经元受损。
研究人员表示，这项新发现明确了多种不同脑部疾病的共同机理，并为延缓那些已经表征痴呆症状的患者的治疗指明了道路。
膜蛋白对于光合作用、视觉等功能至关重要。它们还是细胞的看门人，能决定什么可能会通过细胞膜，也帮助从细胞膜外部输入养料和将内部垃圾输出。由于这些多重角色，它们构成了很大一部分的药物靶点。虽然它们的功能很明确，但是关于它们如何折叠的信息却远远落后于球状蛋白质。
Wolynes及其同事使用原始的基因组信息，来预测氨基酸链将如何通过遵循阻力zui小的途径(取决于链上每个残基相关的能量)，折叠成为功能蛋白质。一个蛋白质越接近于其功能性“原始”状态，它就会越稳定。Wolynes的开创性理论生动地将这种能量描绘成一个漏斗。
为了检测他们的计算机模型，研究人员将它们与X射线晶体学获得的真实蛋白质结构进行比较。大量的结构对球状折叠的蛋白质是可用的，这些蛋白漂浮在体内，执行生命*的任务。
但直到zui近几年，我们已经很难获得跨膜蛋白的相似结构，因为要提取它们用于成像，同时又不会破坏它们，难度非常的大。zui近有研究人员利用一种去垢剂洗掉目的蛋白上的大多数膜，Wolynes称：“它在蛋白质周围留下一个脂肪层，但是却给出一种涂层，可使整个分子在后来形成晶格。”
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Antibiotics in the elderly population increases the number of patients with dementia on the current medical system is a huge test. Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and brain lesions in patients with frontotemporal dementia have abnormally large amounts of insoluble proteins that result in substantial neuronal loss. In order to reduce the long-term damage caused by these insoluble proteins, apoptotic cells and aggregated proteins must be effectively degraded or cleared, which is what is known as the special phagocyte called microglia. Microglia, which reside only in the central nervous system and are part of the innate immune system, acts like a brain health inspector to ensure that rubbish is removed in time to prevent the rubbish from threatening the surrounding normal cells.
The study found that, TREM2 gene can regulate the phagocytic efficiency of microglia. Under normal circumstances, TREM2 embedded in the outer membrane of microglial cells, the membrane outside the domain can identify the debris left by dead cells. However, certain mutations in the TREM2 gene interfere with the normal folding of protein chains during protein synthesis, degrading them before they are delivered to the outer microglia, resulting in a reduction in the efficiency of microglial cells handling cell debris, Then those toxic insoluble proteins and apoptotic cells accumulate in the brain and trigger an inflammatory response, leading to neuronal damage.
The researchers said the new findings pinpoint common causes of many different brain diseases and point the way to delaying the treatment of those who already have symptoms of dementia.
Membrane proteins are essential for photosynthesis, vision and other functions. They are also gatekeepers to cells that determine what may pass through the cell membrane and also help to input nourishment from the exterior of the cell membrane and to export internal junk. Due to these multiple roles, they constitute a large part of the drug target. Although their function is clear, the information about how they fold is far behind globular proteins.
Wolynes and colleagues use the raw genomic information to predict how amino acid chains will fold into functional proteins by following the pathway of least resistance, depending on the energy associated with each residue on the chain. The closer a protein is to its functional "primitive" state, the more stable it will be. Wolynes' pioneering theory vividly portrays this energy as a funnel.
To test their computer models, the researchers compared them to the actual protein structures obtained by X-ray crystallography. Numerous structures are available for globularly folded proteins that float in the body and perform essential tasks of life.
However, it has been very difficult to obtain similar structures of transmembrane proteins in recent years because it is extremely difficult to extract them for imaging without damaging them. Recently, researchers have used a detergent to wash away most of the membrane on the protein of interest, Wolynes said: "It leaves a layer of fat around the protein but gives a coating that allows the entire molecule to form later Lattice. "
