plc与dcs的分析比较

dcs和plc的设计原理区别较大，plc是由继电器控制原理发展起来的，它以存储执行逻辑运算、顺序控制、定时、计数和运算等操作的指令；并通过数字输入和输出操作，来控 

制各类机械或生产过程。用户编制的控制程序表达了生产过程的工艺要求，并事先存入plc的用户程序存储器中。运行时按存储程序的内容逐条执行，以完成工艺流程要求的操作。plc的cpu内有指示程序步存储地址的程序计数器，在程序运行过程中，执行一步该计数器自动加1，程序从起始步（步序号为零）起依次执行到终步（通常为end指令），然后再返回起始步循环运算。plc每完成一次循环操作所需的时间称为一个扫描周期。不同型号的plc，循环扫描周期在1微秒到几十微秒之间。程序计数器这样的循环操作，这是dcs所没有的。这也是使plc的冗余不如dcs的原因。dcs是在运算放大器的基础上得以发展的。把所有的函数和过程变量之间的关系都做成功能块（有的dcs系统称为膨化块）。dcs和plc的表现的主要差别是在开关量的逻辑解算和模拟量的运算上，即使后来两者相互有些渗透，但是还是有区别。80年代以后，plc除逻辑运算外，控制回路用的算法功能已经大大加强，但 plc用梯形图编程，模拟量的运算在编程时不太直观，编程比较麻烦。但在解算逻辑方面，表现出快速的优点，在微秒量级，解算1k逻辑程序不到1毫秒。它把所有的输入都当成开关量来处理，16位（也有32位的）为一个模拟量。而dcs把所有输入都当成模拟量，1位就是开关量。解算一个逻辑是在几百微秒至几毫秒量级。对于plc解算一个pid运算在几十毫秒，这与dcs的运算时间不相上下。 

在接地电阻方面，对plc也许要求不高，但对dcs一定要在几欧姆以下（通常在4欧姆以下）。模拟量隔离也是非常重要的。
 

相同i/o点数的系统，用plc比用dcs，其成本要低一些（大约能省40%左右）。plc没有操作站，它用的软件和硬件都是通用的，所以维护成本比dcs要低很多。如果被控对象主要是设备连锁、回路相对很少，采用plc较为合适。如果主要是模拟量控制、并且函数运算很多，好采用dcs。dcs在控制器、i/o板、通讯网络等的冗余方面，一些高级运算、行业的特殊要求方面都要比plc好的多。plc由于采用通用监控软件，在设计企业的管理信息系统方面，要容易一些。

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