E98110-F1391-L1-N YOKOGAWA DCS AS S9981DE-01

为什么说用PLC实现对系统的控制是非常可靠的

用PLC实现对系统的控制是非常可靠的。这是因为PLC在硬件与软件两个方面都采取了很多措施，确保它能可靠工作。事实上，如果PLC工作不可靠，就无法在工业环境下运用，也就不成其为PLC了。

    1·在硬件方面：

    PLC的输入输出电路与内部CPU是电隔离。其信息靠光耦器件或电磁器件传递。而且，CPU板还有抗电磁干扰的屏蔽措施。故可确保PLC程序的运行不受外界的电与磁干扰，能正常地工作。

    PLC使用的元器件多为无触点的，而且为高度集成的，数量并不太多，也为其可靠工作提供了物质基础。

    在机械结构设计与制造工艺上，为使PLC能安全可靠地工作，也采取了很多措施，可确保PLC耐振动、耐冲击。使用环境温度可高达摄氏50多度，有的PLC可高达80--90度。

    有的PLC的模块可热备，一个主机工作，另一个主机也运转，但不参与控制，仅作备份。一旦工作主机出现故障，热备的可自动接替其工作。

    还有更进一步冗余的，采用三取一的设计，CPU、I/O模块、电源模块都冗余或其中的部分冗余。三套同时工作，终输出取决于三者中的多数决定的结果。这可使系统出故障的机率几乎为零，做到*。当然，这样的系统成本是很高的，只用于特别重要的场合，如铁路车站的道叉控制系统。

    2．在软件方面：

    PLC的工作方式为扫描加中断，这既可保证它能有序地工作，避免继电控制系统常出现的"冒险竞争"，其控制结果总是确定的；而且又能应急处理急于处理的控制，保证了PLC对应急情况的及时响应，使PLC能可靠地工作。

    为监控PLC运行程序是否正常，PLC系统都设置了"看门狗"（Watchingdog）监控程序。运行用户程序开始时，先清"看门狗"定时器，并开始计时。当用户程序一个循环运行完了，则查看定时器的计时值。若超时（一般不超过100ms），则报警。严重超时，还可使PLC停止工作。用户可依报警信号采取相应的应急措施。定时器的计时值若不超时，则重复起始的过程，PLC将正常工作。显然，有了这个"看门狗"监控程序，可保证PLC用户程序的正常运行，可避免出现"死循环"而影响其工作的可靠性。

    PLC还有很多防止及检测故障的指令，以产生各重要模块工作正常与否的提示信号。可通过编制相应的用户程序，对PLC的工作状况，以及PLC所控制的系统进行监控，以确保其可靠工作。

    PLC每次上电后，还都要运行自检程序及对系统进行初始化。这是系统程序配置了的，用户可不干预。出现故障时有相应的出错信号提示。

    正是PLC在软、硬件诸方面有强有力的可靠性措施，才确保了PLC具有可靠工作的特点。它的平均*时间可达几万小时以上；出了故障平均修复时间也很短，几小时以至于几分钟即可。

    曾有人做过为什么要使用PLC的问卷调查。在回答中，多数用户把PLC工作可靠作为选用它的主要原因，即把PLC能可靠工作，作为它的*指标。

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Nikon 12059-3A
Nikon 12071-1
Nikon 12072-1
Nikon 13032B
Nikon 13036-2
Nikon 13036-2
Nikon 13037-3A
Nikon 13037-3A
Nikon 13077
Nikon 13078-1
138315-31
138320-32
138330-31
138395-1
138740-37
138850-36
Nikon 14036-1C
Nikon 14036-1D
Nikon 14036-2A
Nikon 14036-2B
NIKON 14036-3
Nikon 14036-3A
NIKON 14065-1
Nikon 14066B
Nikon 14066E
Nikon 14099
Nikon 14099A
NIKON 14100-1
Nikon 14100-1A
Nikon 14102-1A
Nikon 14103-1
Nikon 14116.W.AGC-N
EATON 15000020
KSI 150027
NOVA 1500690
Nikon 15021-2A
EATON 1505430
EATON 1517540
EATON 1521060
EATON 152191
EATON 1521980
Branson/IPC 15451
173280-202
ROTEC 17900
TENCOR INSTRUMENTS 199940B
TESTECH 2000-004-400-07
IFS 2006704-001
EATON 20295-0012-001
Opal 21016400038
Opal 21016400051
Opal 21016400052
Opal 2106400059
Gespac GESPIA-4
Nikon 23046-2
Nikon 23048-3
Nikon 23049-3
Nikon 23050-1D
Nikon 23065B
Nikon 23070
Nikon 23083-1
Nikon 23088-2
Nikon 23123-1
Nikon 23124
Nikon 23129-1
Nikon 23129
Nikon 23130
IDI 231813-001
GASTECH 24-0130B
GASTECH 24-0131
Nikon 24068
TENCOR INSTRUMENTS 244163B
HP 252608-001
HP 252608-001
COMPAQ 252608-001-WITH-ADDON
26-0058
Nikon 26002-5
Nikon 26002-6
Nikon 26002-6B
Nikon 26028-1A
COMPAQ 269014-001
Nikon 27085A
Nikon 27124-1
Nikon 27201-1
COMPAQ 277498-001
OnTrack 28-8875-014
AEHR-TEST SYSTEMS 2VH36-1AN5
DELL 2Y833
Nikon 30035-1
Nikon 30035-I
Nikon 30041-3A
Nikon 3004I-3A
Nikon 30059-2
NIKON 30061-1
Nikon 30065-1A
Nikon 30065-IA
Nikon 30134
Nikon 30134
Nikon 30147-1
Nikon 30148
Nikon 30148
Nikon 30149-1
Nikon 30I47
BTU Engineering Corp. 3161950
BTU Engineering Corp. 3162280
348332-9012
HP 380725-001
DELL 3H685
HINDS 4022-430-1418-2
HP 457355-001
HMB 48.11003.021-1K
NIKON 4S017-371
CAT 4S020-028E
NIKON TECHNOLOGIES 4S020-040D
CYBEX 500-094
MICRO INSTRUMENT 500-102376-001
MICRO INSTRUMENT 510-102373
Kevex 51300663
Kevex Instruments 51301307
Fisons Instruments 51301310
Fisons Instruments 51301315
HP 5187-4913
Sigma 55-0209
CAT 551000303
ION 5511
CAT 551232110
CAT 551539012
LEITZ 553393
LEITZ 55394
IBM 55H4506
IBM 57F2705
MICROCONTROL ELECTRONIC SRL 5800810-NV
EATON 5990-0056-0002
CAT 600.0070.3
SVG 600412-01
Motorola MVME-147S-1
ANALOG DEVICES 624AD
PERKIN-ELMER 690-0725-004
PERKIN-ELMER 690-0757-004
PERKIN-ELMER 690-8095-003
PERKIN-ELMER 690-8256-002
PERKIN-ELMER 6908585003
PRI AUTOMATION 70045532
XYCOM 70113-003
Opal 70210029100
Opal 70210224100
Opal 70312532000
Opal 70312533000
Opal 70312533010
Opal 70312538200
Opal 70312539000
Opal 70312541100
Opal 70312542100
Opal 70312543100
Opal 70312544000
Opal 70312547000
Opal 70312555100
Opal 70312891000
Opal 70312970100
Opal 70312980200
Opal 70314010000
Opal 70314015000
Opal 70316570400
Opal 70316580100
Opal 70316590300
Opal 70316690100
Opal 70317875100
Opal 70319020000
Opal 70410229200
Opal 70411530400
Opal 70411560000
Opal 70411590100
Opal 70412542200
OPAL
Opal 70412544200
Opal 70412556000
Opal 70412565000
Opal 70412569000
Opal 70412572000
Opal 70412575100
Opal 70412720000
Opal 70417880
Opal 70417890100
PARKER 71-002155-15
KLA-TENCOR CORP 710-800667
LUDL ELECTRONC 73002042
SCP 171-462-1B
Opal 78319030200
SVG 800068A
SVG 80075B
SVG 80125B
SVG 80172A-01
SVG 80197C
SVG 80230B
Branson 804-15005-01
NANOMETRICS 820-0142
MICRO INDUSTRIES 84DW6225X01
LTX 858-0159-03-01
LTX 858-0510-02
LTX 858-0510-02-01
TRILLIUM 865-5062-05
TRILLIUM 865-5165-20
LTX 865-5168
TRILLIUM 865-5176-07
LTX 865-5199-05
CAT 551232125
TRILLIUM 865-5367-14-01
LTX CORP 865-5410-00
TRILLIUM 865-5727-05
TRILLIUM 865-5744-04
LTX 865-5936-02
ZIATECH 89CT90
HP 91044-00
HP 91123-00
ARC 9160 301-10
ARL 9161.302.03
DELL 91NMP
ARL 9428-364-04
9445.303-03
9445.303-04
ARL 9463-301-04
DTI 95-0288
TERADYNE 950-687-01
HEWLETT PACKARD 98624-66501
CAT 99-142-001
SVG 99-80184-02
SVG 99-80203-02
SVG 99-80207-02
SVG
SVG 99-80212-01
SVG 99-80293-01
SILICON VALLEY GROUP (SVG) 99-80295-01
SYSTEMS CHEMISTRY 99-85016-00
EXCELAN 9900027-13
PROCONICS INTERNATIONAL A0474400
PROCONICS INTERNATIONAL A09474400 WITH A0974600
PROCONICS INTERNATIONAL A0974600
PROCONICS INTERNATIONAL A0974700
PROCONICS INTERNATIONAL A0974700 WITH A0974600
PROCONICS INTERNATIONAL A0974800 REV A
PROCONICS INTERNATIONAL A0975000
PROCONICS INTERNATIONAL A0975400
PROCONICS INTERNATIONAL A1176800
TRIKON A44643-02
Fisons Instruments A51301327-100
NIKON TEC CORPORATION AE08
MEGA TEST AMS BOARD
MEGA TEST APG BOARD
AVED AV550
CHERRY B1TZ-3201
MEGA TEST BEM BOARD
CANON BG4-8312-000
BROOKS INSTRUMENT BM200520100
PRI AUTOMATION-BROOKS BM70152
Trikon CB4743-3
ATI INDUSTRIAL AUTOMATION 109-A26030-01
NOVA ASSOCIATES D-1500240
VARIAN D-H0135001
ANORAD D25609
Anorad Corp. D8250-F
CAT DAGE-SE-PC517
ICP DIO-144
DATA TRANSLATION DT2801
8528131993111
POLY-FLOW ENGINEERING INC EB-005
EBEM5W BD
HEWLETT PACKARD EN489AA
ATI INDUSTRIAL AUTOMATION F9595
ACCRETECH FA-0143D
TOKYO SEIMITSU FA0139B
NVIDIA 180-10117-0000-B00
Opto 22 G4PB24
Yamaha Corporation G776420
ATI INDUSTRIAL AUTOMATION G9184
GLENTEK GA365-1
GESPAC GESPIA-2A
DELL H9142
HYBRICON CORP HBFA 044-613
HP HP-668741
Nikon I3032B
Nikon I3077
Nikon I3078-I
Nikon I5021-2A
INTERSIL ICL7109CPL
DELL J9133
DELL JK171
ATI INDUSTRIAL AUTOMATION 109-A26000-00
MODULAR CIRCUIT TECHNOLOGY MCT-TURBO
DELL MD537
SAMSUNG MPGA479M
HP MPGA604
IBM MS-9121
DELL N4079
Nikon NP23131
OPAL 702
DELL P9222
GORDOS ARKANSAS PB-24Q
OPTO 22 PB4
OPTO22 PB8AH
PARTICLE MEASURING PMS-592F-4
Watlow Anafaze PPC-TB50
DELL RT917
ARL S 930015-1
CYMER S05-05178-00
ARL S930 012-2
ARL S930 021-2
SYNEL SY-40
TURTLE BEACH TB400-2541-02
MEGA TEST TG BOARD
MEGA TEST THS BOARD
QUANTUM TN18L462
Texas Instruments TSP50C14
DELL U4575
DELL W5320
PNY VCQ4400NVS
DELL X8760
BIO-RAD MICROMEASUREMENTS LTD. Y5301267
ZIATECH ZT88CT72